Getting old sucks.
My joints creak. Both of my shoulders make wonderful little popping noises. I do this groaning thing when try to
roll out of bed
that I never thought I'd make. (In fact, most of the time I don't even
notice I'm doing it.) If I lie on the floor for a while, getting back up
is no longer automatic; it's a process. Things are happening to my
body, both outside and inside.
Yay.
Fortunately, some of what's happening on the inside can be mitigated
or even reversed--even though, as with most worthwhile results, doing so
isn't easy. (Seriously: Is anything worthwhile ever easy to
accomplish?)
Researchers conducted an experiment
on men and women divided into two groups: Half were below 30 years old,
the other half over 64 years old. (The study is titled "Enhanced
Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic and Physical
Adaptations to Different Exercise Training Modes in Young and Old
Humans," proving yet again that research paper titling is where fun goes
to die.)
Everyone involved in the study was healthy but basically sedentary. Participants were then given different
exercise regimens to follow for 12 weeks.
One group did not exercise. Another group alternated riding
stationary bikes for 30 minutes at a moderate pace on some days, lifting
light weights on others. The third group lifted heavy, and the fourth
group did strenuous interval training on a stationary bike: They pedaled
hard for four minutes, rested for three minutes, then repeated the
cycle for a total of four intervals.
What happened? The control group, as control groups are wont to do,
did not improve. (Proving that you should never sign up to be in the
control group.) Everyone else made improvements in overall fitness.
That's no surprise: Good things happen when we exercise. The
participants who lifted weights showed an increase in strength and
muscle mass. (People who lifted heavy showed a greater increase than
those who lifted light.) The participants who rode stationary bikes
showed an improvement in cardiovascular fitness. (Those who did
intervals showed a much greater increase in endurance,
for good reason.)
You knew all that, but here's what you might not know. As we age, our
muscle cells deteriorate. They don't regenerate as easily as when we're
young, plus we lose mitochondria, which is where our energy comes from.
To make it worse, the mitochondria that do remain get weaker.
Another yay.
But here's the good news: Researchers biopsied the participants'
muscle cells and found that while the under-30 group that did interval
training experienced changed activity levels in 274 genes, those in the
plus-64 group experienced changes in activity among nearly 400 genes.
(Other forms of exercise weren't nearly as effective; both the weight
lifting group and the light cardio group experienced fractional
changes.)
In non-science terms, the group who did interval training experienced
changes that increased both the amount and the health of their
mitochondria--especially the people in the older age group.
Or,
as the lead researcher said,
"It seems as if the decline in the cellular health of muscles
associated with aging was 'corrected' with exercise, especially if it
was intense. In fact, older people's cells responded more robustly to
intense exercise than the cells of the young."
So what does all that mean?
- No matter what your age, any form of exercise is good for you.
- If you want to get stronger and improve muscle tone, lift weights.
- If you want to turn back the clock, at least at a cellular level, do interval training two or three times a week. (Some interval workouts can be completed in 10 minutes or less.)
That means, of course, that you can't just spin lightly on an
exercise bike. You can't just breeze along on the elliptical. You can't
just knock out twelve reps of dumbbell bicep curls with a five-pound
weight while you check your email with your free hand.
You have to go hard.
Yes, it will hurt. It's supposed to. But "pain" is relative. If you
haven't been exercising at all, mixing in a few 30-second jogging
intervals during a 20-minute walk will hurt--and will help you get in
better shape so that down the road you'll be able to do even more.
If you haven't been exercising at all, doing four sets of 15 burpees
will hurt--and will help get you in better shape so that down the road
you'll be able to do even more.
That's the cool thing about working out. Improving
you is all that matters. Start from where you are, and work on improving
that. Improvement,
any improvement, is success.
You don't have to become a
Chris Froome or
Brooke Ence or
Phil Heath. Your only goal is to be a better you.
And keep in mind that interval training doesn't have to involve
stopwatches and rigid formulas. If you're riding a bike outside, choose a
hilly route and work hard on the climbs. If you're jogging, mix in a
series of 30- or 40-second intervals at a three-quarter sprint pace.
Count the elapsed time in your head. (If nothing else, counting to
yourself may help distract you from the effort.) If you're at the gym,
try a HIIT workout. (
Here are two options.)
The goal is to go well beyond what feels comfortable. Your muscles need to burn. Your lungs need to burn. If it's not hard--
really hard--then you're not doing intervals.
And if that kind of effort doesn't sound fun, think of it this way.
In every other aspect of your life, you try to optimize the outcome; you
try to be as efficient and effective as you can with your time.
Shouldn't you take the same approach when you work out?
Why not spend that 30 minutes at the gym ensuring that you get the
most you can out of it? Why not spend that hour on the bike ensuring you
get the most you can out of it? If you're going to do it, shouldn't you
get the most out of it that you possibly can?
If you're like me, and getting out of bed involves a few sounds you
never thought you'd make, mix in some interval training. Age has its way
with all of us, but we can definitely slow down the process.
Science says so.